THE REAL HISTORY BEHIND THE ADVENTURE OF “NATIONAL TREASURE”

In the cliffhanger thriller NATIONAL TREASURE, Academy Award winner Nicolas Cage stars as Benjamin Franklin Gates, a new breed of treasure-hunter who discovers that a map to the most priceless bounty known to mankind lies on the back of the Declaration of Independence. To protect the country's most sacred document and uncover the extraordinary treasure to which it leads, Ben must confront a series of provocative puzzles, savvy secret codes and hidden messages from America's past. But where did these tantalizing clues that lie at the heart of the film come from?

Producer Jerry Bruckheimer and director Jon Turteltaub wanted the clues that drive the adventure of NATIONAL TREASURE to be based on real-life mysteries, treasure hunts and fascinating personalities of American and World History.   Some of the areas where fact meets imaginative fiction in NATIONAL TREASURE are:

THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR TREASURE

Fact: The monastic secret-warrior society known as The Knights Templar excavated for ten years at the Temple of Solomon. Within two centuries, they became one of the most powerful and wealthy groups in Europe, leading many to assume they had amassed an enormous treasure. It was said that before the Knights met their end at the hands of The Pope and King Philip of France in 1307, they loaded their immense bounty onto a fleet headed for Scotland. Some believe the shipment was hidden on Nova Scotia's Oak Island and came to a fledgling America in the 1700s. Indeed, Christopher Columbus also had connections to “The Knights of Christ,” an offshoot of The Knights Templar, so he too could have played a role in the mystery.

Fiction: Nobody knows if the Knights Templar Treasure exists or where it lies today.  In NATIONAL TREASURE, the filmmakers imagine that it fell into the hands of America's Founding Fathers and was cleverly hidden  . . until, generations later, Ben Gates finds the ultimate clue to its location.  The mystery of the Knights Templar continues to entice in popular culture, as evidenced by Dan Brown's bestselling novel “The Da Vinci Code,” published after NATIONAL TREASURE was in the works.  

THE FREEMASONS:

Fact: This secret society evolved from the remnants of the Knights Templar. Started as a loose association of medieval architects, the Freemasons on to become an influential fraternity of the best and the brightest men in Europe. Known for their secrecy, as well as their wealth and power, Freemasons engaged in mysterious rituals and used ancient symbols as codes. The all-seeing eye and unfinished pyramid on the U.S. dollar bill are Freemason symbols. Many of the nation's Founding Fathers were Masons, including George Washington, John Hancock, Ethan Allen, Paul Revere and Benjamin Franklin. Some even believe the city of Washington, D.C. is laid out according to the grid concepts of Freemasons - in the mystical shape of the Virgo Constellation.

Fiction: The Freemasons did leave cryptic symbols not only on the dollar bill but throughout their buildings - but were they possible clues to a hidden treasure? In the fictional NATIONAL TREASURE, The Freemasons of the past help to guide Ben Gates - through puzzles and codes they've left behind -- towards the legacy he's been chasing his whole life.  

CODES AND CIPHERS

Fact: Codes and ciphers have been in existence at least since Biblical times and were used extensively throughout the Revolutionary War and by the Founding Fathers. Thomas Jefferson was fascinated by cryptology and invented a device for encoding messages known as the “Jefferson Cylinder.” The Freemasons also had a standard code - the elusive “Pig-Pen Cipher.”  The use of Invisible Ink is also documented during the Revolutionary War -- used to hide secret intelligence letters from enemy eyes. Another decoding method from that era involved documents that could only be read through a special “mask” that would manipulate the content visually. Some codes from the 1700's still cannot be broken today as no one can find their keys.

Fiction: Secret symbols from the past may be all around us but no one has yet found a code created as a message from America's Founding Fathers - which is why no one believe Bens Gates when he insists the Declaration of Independence hides an invisible map. Gates also discovers a special pair of “decoding glasses” designed by Benjamin Franklin. Although Franklin is known to have been fascinated by optics - and to have invented the first bifocals - these strategic specs came from the imagination of NATIONAL TREASURE's screenwriters.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

Fact: One of the most cherished symbols of American freedom, the Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and signed on July 4, 1776. Today, the original parchment document is on display in the Rotunda For the Charters of Freedom at the National Archives. Though badly faded, the document is preserved via high-tech fiber optic lights and protected by one of the most sophisticated security systems ever designed. Intriguingly, the Declaration of Independence has been used in the past to create a secret code to hide treasure.  In the 1820s, the prospector Thomas J. Beale hid a cache of jewels - and then left three ciphers with a local innkeeper that he said would lead the savvy solver to the treasure. Only one of the three ciphers has been solved to date, and that one was based on the Declaration of Independence.

Fiction: In NATIONAL TREASURE, Ben Gates sets out to do the unthinkable: steal the Declaration of Independence in the hopes of saving the document from evildoers. Though the production consulted with criminal experts on how such a heist could be accomplished, fortunately nothing of the kind has ever been attempted. In NATIONAL TREASURE, Nicolas Cage's characters justifies the unprecedented theft by remembering that the men who signed the Declaration knew it was treason and might result in their deaths - but went ahead because of their conviction that they were doing the right thing. This becomes his character's inspiration.